While it is a style, IMHO doubt it was originally developed for artistic reasons. In the 40's and 50's Kodak Tri-X was one of the fastest, most sensitive films. A fairly slow film to shoot photojournalism with - especially low light or night scenes. Pushing film was a way to bring back useable images. Art photographers borrowed the technique later. Nothing wrong with this. It can be a fine tool.
Thanks for sharing,
barondla
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Actually it is worse than that in the 40's and early 50's as TriX was not released on 35mm until 1954. For example W. Eugene Smith used Plus X for most of work. TriX wasn't around for photojournalist until after the end of the Korean War. In fine arts photography the style traces back to the 1940's from cinema. A good discussion